Genotype × environmental interactions for analyzing adaptability and stability in different clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb

In total 36 superior clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., screened from 300 selections conducted in natural and growing range of India and Nepal, were multiplied using single nodal cuttings and established to evaluate genotype×environmental interactions for adaptability and stability at the age of 30 months in three geographical locations in the state of Punjab, India. Clone 124 had maximum adaptability and stability (bi = 1.04) to perform exceedingly well over the locations. Clones 36 and 1 were stable with mean regression coefficient of 0.84 and 1.22, respectively. Nonetheless, clone 41 performed exceedingly well for all the characters to attain maximum population mean, and the performance varied substantially across the locations. Therefore, clone 41 was considered as productive but non-adaptive clone. Though some of the clones were sensitive to sites, 14 clones for height, 16 for collar diameter, 12 for DBH and 7 for volume were relatively un-sensitive with higher regression coefficient. Nonetheless, clone 124 was the most stable with average bi value of 1.04 and productive, which could play an important role in future breeding and commercial deployment of stable and productive planting stock of Dalbergia sissoo.     

海南降香檀种子质量分级标准研究

研究海南降香檀种子质量的分级标准。选择海南降香檀种子30个批次样本进行分选,以及对净度、优良度、千粒重、生活力、含水量等指标的测定,确定种子质量分级标准。降香檀种子优良度、生活力和千粒重是5项种子分级指标中的主要标准,其他指标作为参考。种子优良度为95%,生活力为84.2%,千粒重在131.4 g以上的种子被列为一级种子;种子优良度为70%,生活力为70.1%,千粒重在128.1 g以上的种子被列为二级种子。建立了海南降香檀种子质量分级标准。     

降香黄檀种子贮藏及播前处理技术

经4种方法处理后测定降香黄檀种子发芽率,运用3种方式贮藏后播种测定降香黄檀的种子发芽率。播种后,用3种基质覆盖测发芽率和成苗率。结果表明播种前用60℃温水加高锰酸钾消毒30 min,再浸泡24 h的种子发芽率最高;17℃贮藏最适合规模育苗;用黄心土作为基质覆盖,效果最好。     

Evaluation of different agroforestry tree species for their suitability in the phytoremediation of seleniferous soils

Seven agroforestry tree species were grown in a clay loam soil treated with different levels of selenate‐Se, viz. 0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg supplied through sodium selenate. After 1 year of growth, a progressive decrease in dry matter of leaves, stem and roots was observed with increasing levels of applied Se. However, a significant decrease in dry matter yield was observed only at or above 2.5 mg Se per kg soil and shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) proved to be highly sensitive to the presence of selenate‐Se in the soil. On average, the largest above‐ground and below‐ground biomass was accumulated by arjun (Terminalia arjuna) and the lowest by the acacia tree (Acacia tortillas). The selenium content of leaves, stem and roots of all the tree species increased significantly with increasing levels of applied Se, although a large variation within species was observed. In the stem portion of different trees, the highest concentration of Se was found in dek (Melia azedarach) (5.1 mg/kg) and the lowest in mulberry (Morus alba) (2.6 mg/kg). The efficiency of selenium removal (including leaves, stem and roots) was the highest in arjun followed by eucalyptus (Eucalyptus hybrid) – Clone 10, mulberry, jambolin (Syzygium cumini), dek, shisham and acacia. Effective removal of Se takes place through the stem portion of different trees where it constitutes 30–50% of total Se. Large variation in Se uptake by different tree species suggests that trees vary in their potential for phytoremediation of seleniferous soils. In one growing season, shisham aged 24 years, poplar (Populus deltoides)– Clone G 48 (10 years old) and eucalyptus – Clone 10 (10 years old) could remove 2385, 1845 and 1407 g Se per hectare respectively. Corresponding reductions in Se capital of the soil varied between 24 and 37, 19 and 29 and 14 and 32%, respectively, in the surface layer (0–15 cm) alone or 7–11, 6–9 and 4–7% for the whole soil profile (0–120 cm). Removal further increased to 4207 g Se per hectare under an agroforestry farming system of poplar–mentha/wheat with Se being reduced from 43 to 65% for the surface layer and from 13 to 20% for the whole profile.     

Nursery practice on seed germination and seedling growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia sissoo</Emphasis> using beneficial microbial inoculants

Nursery practice using microbial inoculants was performed to find out the efficacy of the inoculants on seed germination and seedling growth of sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.). Microbial inoculants or effective microorganisms (EM) are a mixture of many different beneficial microorganisms in a solution. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soil and cowdung (3:1) kept in polybags with pouring EM solution at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%) before and after a week of sowing the seeds. Seed germination rate and growth parameters of seedlings were measured, such as, shoot and root length, vigor index, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and total biomass increment. The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed along with the measurement of pigment contents in leaves. The highest germination rate (69%) was observed in 2% EM treatment, followed by 67% and 65% in 1% and 5% EM. The highest shoot length (33.2 cm) was in 2% EM, whereas highest root length (26.3 cm) was in 1% EM. Both fresh and dry weights from shoot and root, were maximum (4.16 g and 1.57 g; 2.12 g and 0.83 g respectively) in 2% EM and were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from control. Vigor index was highest (4071) in 2% EM, which was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from control. Total dry weight increment was highest in 2% EM treatment, followed by 1% and 5% concentrations of EM. Nodulation number was higher at very low (0.1%) concentration of EM solution but it normally decreased with the increase of EM concentrations. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were highest (60.11, 17.05 and 42.48 mg·L⁻¹ respectively) in 2% EM treatment and lowest (39.35, 13.55 and 27.29 mg·L⁻¹ respectively) in control treatment. Therefore, low concentration of EM (up to 2%) can be used for getting maximum seed germination rate and seedling development of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.     

降香黄檀培育技术

降香黄檀是原产于我国海南省的珍贵红木树种,具有极高的经济价值,目前在广东、广西等南方省区进行了引种栽培。文章介绍了降香黄檀的生物学特性、栽培技术、抚育管理及病虫害防治措施,对降香黄檀推广和规模化培育具有指导意义。     

AM真菌对降香黄檀幼苗生长的影响

实验研究接种聚丛球霉菌(Glomuse aggrregattum)、幼套球霉菌(Glomuse etunicatum)、摩西球霉菌(Glomuse mossea)后对降香黄檀幼苗生殖生长以及营养吸收利用的影响,结果显示:1)3个菌根菌侵染效果较好,且降香黄檀幼苗对3种菌种有较强的依赖性。2)其中接种聚丛球霉菌的苗高、地茎、生物量、叶绿素含量及对营养元素N,P的吸收利用优于其他2个菌种,并与CK差异达显著水平;其苗高、地茎高于CK 44%和78%,生物量、叶绿素含量分别是CK的3.6,1.9倍,根部、茎部及叶部含N量是CK的1.47,2.03,1.34倍,而根部、茎部及叶部含P量是CK的1.53,1.47,2.09倍。     

降香黄檀轻基质容器苗分级标准研究

[目的]探讨适合降香黄檀轻基质容器苗分级的方法和标准,为制定降香黄檀苗木培育技术规程提供参考依据.[方法]利用轻基质培育降香黄檀实生苗,于苗龄9个月时测定苗高(H)、地径(D)、地上和地下部分生物量,计算每株苗木的总生物量、高径比及茎根比;应用相关分析法确定降香黄檀苗木的质量分级指标,采用逐步聚类、快速聚类和平均值±标准差划分降香黄檀苗木的分级标准;根据分级标准确定苗木的级别并开展造林试验,比较分析各级别苗木的造林效果,对成活苗木进行重新分级.[结果]应用平均值±标准差法分级的降香黄檀合格苗(Ⅰ和Ⅱ级苗)所占比例及造林9个月后各级别苗木的存活情况优于逐步聚类和快速聚类法;将造林9个月后成活的苗木进行重新分级发现,应用平均值±标准差法确定的合格苗有10.5%转变为Ⅲ级苗,有1.8%和37.9%的Ⅲ级苗(不合格苗)分别转变为Ⅰ和Ⅱ级苗,采用逐步聚类和快速聚类两种方法分级的合格苗转变为Ⅲ级苗的比率分别为23.2%和53.0%,Ⅲ级苗转变为合格苗的比率分别为53.0%和80.2%.[结论]降香黄檀轻基质容器苗适宜采用平均值±标准差法进行分级,其分级标准为:Ⅰ级苗H≥55.3 cm,D≥7.9 mm;Ⅱ级苗24.4 cm≤H<55.3 cm,4.7 mm≤D<7.9 mm;Ⅲ级苗H<24.4 cm,D<4.7 mm.     

降香黄檀SRAP分子标记的引物筛选

采用改良CTAB法提取降香黄檀基因组DNA,选用4个降香黄檀DNA作模板,对256个SRAP引物组合进行筛选。以条带清晰、多态性丰富为引物筛选原则,最后共筛选出25个组合作为降香黄檀SRAP分子标记的核心引物,为后续SRAP分析提供依据。     

3个阔叶树种容器育苗轻型基质配方探讨

以轻型基质泥炭土、珍珠岩、废菌棒和稻谷壳为基料,采用4因素3阶单形重心混料试验设计,运用两阶段多目标决策方法进行综合评价,开展轻型基质配方对木荷Schima superba,紫楠Phoebe sheareri和黄檀Dalbergia hupeana 等3个阔叶树种容器苗苗木出圃品质影响的研究。结果表明：不同基质配方对3个阔叶树种容器苗的苗高、地径、高径比及生物量、苗木品质指数等影响均达到显著水平。基质类型可按泥炭土的体积百分比进行划分：泥炭土体积分数占70%为促生型,60%为中等型,40%为缓生型。研究认为,在生产中不同树种应采用不同的基质类型：紫楠等苗期生长缓慢树种选择促生型,木荷等苗期生长中等树种选择中等型,而黄檀等苗期速生树种可选择缓生型。表6参9